The mizenkei + せる (seru) and the mizenkei + させる (saseru) are
used to create the causative form. The causative form is translated
as "let, have, or make somebody do". This causative form
cannot be combined with verbal adjectives.
The mizenkei + せる (seru) is used with group 4 (or yodan katsuyou)
verbs and the mizenkei + させる (saseru) is used with group 2 (or nidan
katsuyou) verbs.
Irregular verbs
The causative form of 来る (kuru) is formed by placing させる (saseru)
after the mizenkei. The causative form of する (suru) is formed by
placing せる (seru) after さ (sa).
| Rentaikei |
Mizenkei + (さ)せる ((sa)seru) |
| 買う |
kau |
買わせる |
kawaseru |
| 書く |
kaku |
書かせる |
kakaseru |
| 出す |
dasu |
出させる |
dasaseru |
| 待つ |
matsu |
待たせる |
mataseru |
 |
| 食べる |
taberu |
食べさせる |
tabesaseru |
| 見る |
miru |
見させる |
misaseru |
 |
| する |
suru |
させる |
saseru |
| 来る |
kuru |
来させる |
kosaseru |
When adding (さ)せる ((sa)seru), a group 2 verb, to the mizenkei the
resulting verb is also conjugated as group 2 verbs. For the correct
conjugations please check the conjugations
page.
The Causative form
The causative form is used to describe that "A" makes
"B" do "C". "A", is then followed
by the particle に (ni), "B", who performs the actual action,
is followed by the subject particle が (ga), and "C" is
followed by the object particle を (wo). "B"が"A"に"C"をさせる。
("B" ga "A" ni "C" wo saseru.)
| |
私が友達に宿題をチェックさせた。 (Watashi
ga tomodachi ni shukudai wo chekku
saseta.)
My friend let me check his homework.
My friend had me check his homework.
My friend made me check his homework. |
| |
Mizenkei + (さ)せられる ((sa)serareru)
The mizenkei + させる (saseru) can also be combined with the passive
form られる (rareru). This combination can have two functions:
- Being forced to do something
- Ultra humble form (used when speaking to the emperor or to gods)
| |
私が母に納豆を食べさせられた。 (Watashi
ga haha ni nattou wo tabesaserareta.)
I was made to eat natto by my mother. / I was forced to eat
natto by my mother.
お天皇様がいらっしゃらせられてくださいませんでしょうか。
(O-Tennou-sama ga irassharaserarete kudasaimasen
deshou ka.)
Won't Your Majesty The Empereror please come over? |
| |
For more information check the causative
forms page.
Related pages:
Mizenkei
+ られる (rareru)
Causative
forms
Imperative
forms
Polite forms
Passive
forms |